Manejo clínico de la apoplejía en macroadenoma hipofisario no funcionante durante el embarazo: Reporte de un caso

[Clinical management of apoplexy in non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma during pregnancy: A case report]

Javier Felipe Castro Quijano 1, Laura Mejía Guzmán1, Rafael Leonardo Aragón Mendoza 2, Gonzalo La Rota Moscoso 3

1. Departamento de ginecología y obstetricia, Hospital Universitario De La Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia; 2. Departamento de ginecología y obstetricia, Hospital Universitario De La Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia;Grupo de investigación GinecoHus, Hospital Universitario De La Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia; 3. Grupo de investigación Radiología y Neurociencias Hus, Departamento de Radiología, Hospital Universitario De La Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia.

Publicado: 2024-08-30

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Resumen

La apoplejía hipofisaria es un evento infrecuente, especialmente en el embarazo, con pocos casos reportados en la literatura. Se presenta secundario a infartos hemorrágicos por cambios vasculares en un tumor hipofisario. Se puede manifestar con cambios hormonales cuando es secundario a tumores funcionantes o con síntomas neurológicos cuando ejerce efecto de masa en el caso de los tumores no funcionantes. El diagnóstico es por sospecha clínica, principalmente ante síntomas que sugieren efecto masa con compromiso neurológico y visual. Estudios como pruebas de función hormonal y resonancia magnética del cerebro son herramientas para confirmar la patología. Se describe el caso de una paciente de 30 años con embarazo de 28 semanas que presentó cefalea asociado a síntomas visuales que progresaron durante la gestación, con diagnóstico de apoplejía hipofisaria se presenta el abordaje clínico y opciones de manejo que buscaron preservar la viabilidad fetal e integridad materna. 


Abstract

Pituitary apoplexy is a rare event, especially in pregnancy, with few cases reported in the literature. It occurs secondary to hemorrhagic infarcts due to vascular changes in a pituitary tumor. It may manifest with hormonal changes when secondary to functioning tumors or with neurological symptoms when it exerts mass effect in the case of non-functioning tumors. The diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion, mainly in the presence of symptoms suggesting mass effect with neurological and visual involvement. Studies such as hormone function tests and brain MRI are tools to confirm the pathology. We describe the case of a 30-year-old patient with a 28-week pregnancy who presented headache associated with visual symptoms that progressed during gestation, with a diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy, the clinical approach and management options that sought to preserve fetal viability and maternal integrity are presented.

Citas

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