Reporte de caso clínico: embarazo en el istmo cervical posterior a fertilización in vitro

[Case report: pregnancy in the cervical isthmus following in vitro fertilization.]

Yuly Andrea Márquez Castañeda1, Angy L. Meneses-Parra1, Diana V. Márquez-Castañeda2

1. Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Militar Central, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia; 2. Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia.

Publicado: 2024-08-30

Descargas

Resumen

El embarazo ectópico de implantación baja incluye al embarazo cervical, localizado entre el istmo y la cicatriz de cesárea. Se caracteriza por la implantación del blastocisto fuera de la cavidad uterina. Esta condición se presenta entre 1% y 2% de todos los embarazos y es la principal causa de muerte materna en el primer trimestre de gestación. Tiene baja incidencia en comparación con otras localizaciones, y alto riesgo de morbilidad materna debido a la probabilidad de sangrado durante la intervención. Se presenta un caso en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá de un embarazo ectópico ístmico cervical posterior al proceso de fertilización in vitro en mujer de 37 años con antecedente cesárea, ultima hace 17 años, y esterilización quirúrgica. El objetivo es documentar el proceso y las intervenciones, ya que el manejo de esta patología depende de las condiciones clínica y el deseo de reproducción de la mujer.


Abstract

Low implantation ectopic pregnancy includes cervical pregnancy, located between the isthmus and the cesarean scar. It is characterized by implantation of the blastocyst outside the uterine cavity. This condition occurs in 1% to 2% of all pregnancies and is the leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester of gestation. It has a low incidence compared to other locations, and a high risk of maternal morbidity due to the probability of bleeding during the intervention. We present a case of a cervical isthmic ectopic pregnancy following in vitro fertilization in a 37 year old woman with a history of cesarean section, last 17 years ago, and surgical sterilization at the Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá. The objective is to document the process and the interventions, since the management of this pathology depends on the clinical conditions and the woman's desire to reproduce.

Citas

[1] Sepúlveda-Agudelo J, Cristancho-Solano M, Parra-Meza C. Embarazo ectópico en la cicatriz uterina: Reporte de un caso y revision de la literatura. Rev Col de Obstet y Ginecol. 2010; 61(1): p. 66-71.

[2] https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.309

[3] Viera Molina , Tapia G. Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy. Rev Cub de Ginecol y Obstet. 2017; 43(3): p. 125-135.

[4] Tsai a SW, Huang KH, Ou a YC, Hsu TY. Low-lying-implantation ectopic pregnancy: A cluster of cesarean scar, cervico-isthmus, and cervical ectopic pregnancies in the first trimester. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2013; 52(3): p. 505-511.

[5] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2013.10.009

[6] Spiezio Sardo AD, Alviggi C, Zizolfi B, Spinelli M. Cervico-isthmic pregnancy successfully treated with bipolar resection following methotrexate administration: case report and literature review. Reprod BioMed Online. 2013; 26(2): p. 99-103.

[7] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.10.005

[8] Yáñez R, Martínez P, Ibáñez Y, Benavides C. Embarazo ectópico ístmico cervical en cicatriz de cesárea previa. Rev Chil Obstet Ginecol. 2007; 72(3): p. 186-189.

[9] https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75262007000300010

[10] Lozeau A, Potter B. Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy. Am Fam Physician. 2005; 72(9): p. 1709-1714.

[11] Martínez R, Quintero L, García C, Fernández A. Embarazo ectópico cervical: diagnóstico preciso y enfoque de manejo médico. Reporte de caso. Univ Med. 2018; 59(1): p. 1-14.

[12] https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed59-1.ecto

[13] Zakaria M, Abdallah M, Shavell V. Conservative management of cervical ectopic pregnancy: utility of uterine artery embolization. Fertil and Steril Journ. 2011; 95(3): p. 872-876.

[14] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.024

[15] Borges R, Moya C, Saavedra L. Embarazo ectópico cervical. Rev Cub Obstet y Ginecol. 2019; 45(1): p. 74-85.

[16] Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy: A Rare site of implantation.. Int. J. Emerg. Med. 2019; 56(6): p. 123-125.

[17] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.03.024

[18] Rheinboldt M. OsbornD. Delproposto Z. Embarazo ectópico con cicatriz de cesárea: una serie de casos clínicos. J Ultrasonido. 2015; 18: 191-195

[19] Ali E, Wahab A. Uterine Artery Embolization and Methotrexate Infusion as Sole Management for Caesarean Scar and Cervical Ectopic Pregnancies: A Single-Center Experience and Literature Review. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2009; 70(3).

[20] Gonzalez N, Tulandi T. Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2017 jul-Aug;24(5):731-738. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2017.02.020

[21] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2017.02.020

[22] Zhang, B., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Guo, X., & Li, L. (2021). Reproductive Outcomes Following Methotrexate Treatment Versus Expectant Management of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol, 12, 632759.

[23] Morlando M, Buca D, Timor-Tritsch I, Cali G, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Monteagudo A, Khalil A, Cennamo C, La Manna V, Liberati M, D'Amico A, Nappi L, Colacurci N, D'Antonio F. Reproductive outcome after cesarean scar pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020 oct;99(10):1278-1289. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13918

[24] https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13918

[25] Betul Ozcivit I, Cepni I, Hamzaoglu K, Erenel H. Conservative management of 11 weeks old cervical ectopic pregnancy with transvaginal ultrasound-guided combined methotrexate injection: Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2019; 67(2): p. 215-218.

[26] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.01.020

[27] Bolaños-Bravo H, Ricaurte-Fajardo A, Zarama-Márquez F, Ricaurte-Sossa A. Manejo conservador en una paciente con embarazo ectopico cervical en Nariño, Colombia, reporte de caso y revision de la literatura. Rev Col Obstet y Ginecol. 2019; 70(4): p. 277-292.

[28] https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.3357

[29] Kanat-Pektas M, Bodur S, Dundar O, Bakır VL. Systematic review: What is the best first-line approach for cesarean section ectopic pregnancy? Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Apr;55(2):263-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2015.03.009

[30] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2015.03.009

[31] The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy: a committee opinión Fertil Steril, 100 (2013), pp. 638-644

[32] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.013

[33] D. Jurkovic, K. Hillaby, B. Woelfer, A. Lawrence, R. Salim, C.J. Elson First trimester diagnosis and management of pregnancies implanted into the lower uterine segment Cesarean section scar Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 21 (2003), pp. 220-227

[34] https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.56

[35] I.E. Timor-Tritsch, A. Monteagudo. Unforeseen consequences of the increasing rate of cesarean deliveries: early placenta accreta and cesarean scar pregnancy. AJOG, 207 (2012), pp. 14-29

[36] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2012.03.007

[37] M. Arslan, O. Pata, T.U. Dilek, A. Aktas, M. Aban, S. Dilek Treatment of viable caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy with suction curettage Int J Gynecol Obstet, 89 (2005), pp. 163-166

[38] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.12.038

[39] Yang H, Li S, Ma Z, Jia Y. Therapeutic effects of uterine artery embolisation (UAE) and methotrexate (MTX) conservative therapy used in treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016; 293(5): p. 819-823.

[40] https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-015-3881-0

[41] i C. Li C. Feng D. Jia C. Liu B. Zhan X. Quimioembolización arterial transcatéter versus metotrexato sistémico para el tratamiento del embarazo con cicatriz de cesárea. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011; 113: 178-182

[42] Trambert J, Einstein M, Banks E E, Frost A. Uterine artery embolization in the management of vaginal bleeding from cervical pregnancy: a case series. J Reprod Med. 2005; 50(11): p. 844-850.

[43] Birch Petersen K, Hoffmann E, Rifbjerg Larsen C, Svarre Nielsen H. Cesarean scar pregnancy: a systematic review of treatment studies. Fertil Steril. 2016 Apr;105(4):958-67. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.12.130

[44] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.12.130

[45] Campechano-López JM, Carranza-Bernal M, Juanico-Morales G. Respuesta exitosa del ERI en un caso de embarazo ectópico cervical. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2016; 54(6): p. 787-792.

×